Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt , livre ebook

505

pages

English

Ebooks

2011

Écrit par
Assmann Jan ,
traduit par David Lorton

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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505

pages

English

Ebooks

2011

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

14 novembre 2011

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9780801464805

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

1 Mo

Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt by JAN ASSMANN Translated from the German by DAVID LORTON Abridged and updated by the author cornell university press Ithaca and London Original German edition, Tod und Jenseits im alten Ägypten, copyright © 2001 by C. H. Beck, Munich. All rights reserved. English translation copyright © 2005 by Cornell University The publication of this work was supported by a grant from the Goethe-Institut. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. English translation first published 2005 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Assmann, Jan. [Tod und Jenseits im Alten Ägypten. English] Death and salvation in ancient Egypt / by Jan Assmann ; translated from the German by David Lorton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-4241-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8014-4241-9 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-7973-1 (paper : alk. paper) 1. Eschatology, Egyptian. 2. Egypt—Religion. 3. Death—Religious aspects. I. Title. BL2450.E8A8813 2005 299'.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

14 novembre 2011

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9780801464805

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

1 Mo

Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt

by J A N A S S M A N N

Translated from the German by D AV I D L O RT O N Abridged and updated by the author

c o r n e l l u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s Ithaca and London

The publication of this work was supported by a grant from the Goethe-Institut.

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

English translation ﬁrst published 2005 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Assmann, Jan. [Tod und Jenseits im Alten Ägypten. English] Death and salvation in ancient Egypt / by Jan Assmann ; translated from the German by David Lorton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-4241-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8014-4241-9 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-7973-1 (paper : alk. paper) 1. Eschatology, Egyptian. 2. Egypt—Religion. 3. Death—Religious aspects. I. Title. BL2450.E8A8813 2005 299'.3123—dc22 2005002783

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing Paperback printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Permit me, permit me, my good engineer, to tell you something, to lay it upon your heart. The only healthy and noble and indeed, let me expressly point out, the onlyreligious way in which to regard death is to perceive and feel it as a constituent part of life, as life’s holy prerequisite, andnotto separate it intellectually, to set it up in opposition to life, or, worse, to play it off against life in some disgusting fashion—for that is indeed the antithesis of a healthy, noble, reasonable, and religious view. . . . Death is to behonored as the cradle of life, the womb of renewal. Once separated from life, it becomes grotesque, a wraith—or even worse.

Thomas Mann,The Magic Mountain, translated by John E. Woods (New York,1997), p.197.

Contents

Translator’s Note

Introduction: Death andCulture 1as Culture Generator. Death 2Distinctions in the Relationship between Death and Culture. Principal a) This Life and the Next Life as Lifetime-Encompassing Horizons of Accomplishment b) Death Pieced-on to Life and Life Permeated by Death c) World of the Living, World of the Dead: Border Trafﬁc and Exclusion d) Images and Counterimages, Death and Counterworld

PartOne. Images ofDeath

Chapter 1. Death asDismemberment 1Opening Scene of the Osiris Myth. The 2Egyptian Image of the Body. The 3. Salvation from Death by Piecing Together

Chapter 2. Death asSocialIsolation 1. The Physical and Social Sphere of Man 2. “One Lives, if His Name is Mentioned” 3Lives, if Another Guides Him”. “One 4to Death through Social Isolation. Subjection 5. “I Am One of You”: Salvation from Death through Inclusion

Chapter 3. Death asEnemy 1. The Lawsuit in Heliopolis 2Moralizing of Death: The Idea of the Judgment of the Dead. The 3as Enemy and the Life-giving Signiﬁcance of the Judgment of. Death the Dead

vii

1 2 9

10 11

14 16

23 23 26 31

39 39 41 53 56 58

64 64 73

Co n t e n t s

Chapter 4. Death asDissociation: ThePerson of theDeceased andItsConstituentElements 1. TheBa a) TheBain the Sky, the Corpse in the Netherworld b) The Uniting ofBaand Corpse 2. The Deceased and HisKa 3Heart. The 4. Image and Body a) Image and Death, Statue and Mummy b) Reserve Head and Mummy Mask c)Shabtyand Golem

Chapter 5. Death asSeparation andReversal 1. Separation from Life: Death as Parting and Inversion a) The Widow’s Lament b) Death—“Come!” is His Name 2of the Realm of Death and into the Place of Eternal Nourishment. Out a) The Food of Life b) The Dialogue between Atum and Osiris 3as a State of Death. Inversion

Chapter 6. Death asTransition 1as Ascent to the Sky. Transition 2as Journey to Osiris. Transition 3. Assistance from Beyond: The Image of Death as Transition and the Realm of the Living

Chapter 7. Death asReturn 1Texts: Laying to Rest in the Cofﬁn as Return to the Womb. Nut a) The Inscription on the Cofﬁn of King Merneptah b) Goddess of the Cofﬁn, Goddess of the West, Goddess of the Tree: Figurations of the Great Mother c) Renewal and Vindication: Re and Osiris 2. “The Place Where My Heart Returns”: The Tomb in the Homeland a) Return to the Tomb b) Death as Return and the Mystery of Regeneration

Chapter 8. Death asMystery 1Mystery of the Sun: Renewal and Rebirth. The 2Mystery of Osiris. The 3. The Tomb as Sacred Place 4and Death. Initiation

viii

87 90 90 95 96 102 105 105 106 110

113 113 113 119 128 128 134 138

141 141 147

158

164 165 165

170 173 176 176 182

186 186 189 192 200

Contents

Chapter 9. GoingForth byDay 1. This Life as the Afterlife: The “Reversed Polarity” of Mortuary Belief in the New Kingdom 2and Garden as Elysian Aspects of the Realm of the Living. Festival a) Visits Home b) Visiting the Garden c) Participation in Major Divine Festivals

PartTwo. Rituals andRecitations

Chapter 10. MortuaryLiturgies andMortuary Literature 1and Transﬁguration: The Recording of Recitation Texts. Provisioning in Old Kingdom Pyramids 2. Writing as Voice and Recollection: The Recording of Mortuary Texts in Middle Kingdom Cofﬁns and in the Book of the Dead 3Requests, and Wishes. Greetings,

Chapter 11. In theSign of theEnemy: The ProtectiveWake in thePlace ofEmbalming 1. The Night before the Funeral 2. Cofﬁn Texts Spell62 3and Cofﬁn Decoration. Wakes

Chapter 12. TheNight ofVindication 1. Liturgy A, Part1: The Judgment Scene 2. Liturgy A, Part2: The Transﬁguration of the Vindicated One 3A, Part. Liturgy 3: The Vindicated One as Companion of the Gods 4B: Embalming and Provisioning. Liturgy

Chapter 13. Rituals ofTransition fromHome toTomb 1. Artistic and Textual Depictions of the Funeral 2Home to Tomb. From a) Crossing Over to the West b) Embalming, Cult Drama in the Sacred Temenos, and Rituals in the Garden c) The Procession to the Tomb 3Rites of Opening the Mouth at the Entrance of the Tomb. The a) The Opening of the Mouth Ritual b) Setting up the Mummy “before Re” c) Offering of the Heart and Leg

209

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237

247 252

260 260 270 278

280 280 288 290 292

299 299 304 304

305 308 310 310 317 324

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