Allergy E-Book , livre ebook

Allergy
Fourth Edition

Stephen T. Holgate, CBE BSc MB BS MD DSc CSci FRCP FRCP(Edin) FRCPath FSB FIBMS FMedSci
MRC Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology, School of Medicine, Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Division, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK

Martin K. Church, MPharm PhD DSc FAAAAI
Professor of Immunopharmacology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Centre Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
Emeritus Professor of Immunopharmacology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

David H. Broide, MB ChB
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

Fernando D. Martinez, MD
Regents’ Professor, Director, BIO5 Institute; Director, Arizona Respiratory Center; Swift-McNear Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Saunders Ltd.
Front Matter

Allergy
4th EDITION
Stephen T Holgate CBE BSc MB BS MD DSc CSci FRCP FRCP(Edin) FRCPath FSB FIBMS FMedSci
MRC Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology
School of Medicine
Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Division
University of Southampton
Southampton General Hospital
Southampton, UK
Martin K Church MPharm PhD DSc FAAAAI
Professor of Immunopharmacology
Department of Dermatology and Allergy
Allergy Centre Charitè
Charitè Universitätsmedizin
Berlin, Germany
Emeritus Professor of Immunopharmacology
University of Southampton
Southampton, UK
David H Broide MB ChB
Professor of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, CA, USA
Fernando D Martinez MD
Regents’ Professor
Director, BIO5 Institute
Director, Arizona Respiratory Center
Swift-McNear Professor of Pediatrics
The University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ, USA
Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2012
Commissioning Editor: Sue Hodgson
Development Editor: Sharon Nash
Project Manager: Sukanthi Sukumar
Designer: Kirsteen Wright
Illustration Manager: Merlyn Harvey
Illustrators: Robert Britton (4e), Martin Woodward (3e)
Marketing Manager(s) (UK/USA): Gaynor Jones/Helena Mutak
Copyright

SAUNDERS an imprint of Elsevier Limited
© 2012, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
First edition 1993
Second edition 2001
Third edition 2006
The right of Stephen T. Holgate, Martin K. Church, David H. Broide, and Fernando D. Martinez to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).


Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Allergy. – 4th ed.
1. Allergy.
I. Holgate, S. T.
616.9′7–dc22
ISBN-13: 9780723436584


Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
preface
In 1992, we published the first edition of an entirely new text on allergic diseases and their mechanisms based on specifically designed, clear and informative diagrams. This allowed us to produce a text that found a unique niche between the more heavily referenced books and the more superficial guides. In this edition, the reader was introduced to the individual cells and mediators that participate in the allergic response and this information was then built on to describe the histopathological features, diagnoses and treatment of allergic responses occurring in all major organs.
When preparing the second edition, we took note of the feedback of many clinicians who asked us if we could put primary emphasis on the clinical manifestations of allergy and augment this with a solid scientific background. We kept this format for the third edition. This format has appeared to be very successful with our readers, so much so that it was awarded ‘Book of the Year’ prize by the British Medical Association.
Now, 19 years after the original Allergy we are at the fourth edition with two new editors. Dr Lawrence Lichtenstein has retired and we welcome Dr David Broide and Dr Fernando Martinez to the editorial team. We have also updated the format slightly by emphasising the clinical aspects while reducing the cellular science to a single chapter introducing mechanisms of allergic disease. Furthermore, two new chapters have been added, one on eosinophilia, including eosinophilic oesophagitis and the other on systemic mastocytosis.
One thing that has not changed is our policy of inviting international authorities, often two or more authors from different countries, to work together to produce their sections. Although this approach is not without its logistical problems, we believe it has produced a more authoritative text and we thank all the authors for their forbearance. Indeed, we owe a great debt of gratitude to the many experts who have contributed such informative chapters.
As readers, we hope that you will appreciate the fourth edition of Allergy and that you find its content enjoyable and educative to read. As we requested in the first three editions, please give us your feedback on the book so that we can refine it even further in the future.
STH, MKC, DHB, FDM 2012
list of contributors

Mitsuru Adachi, MD PhD
Professor of Medicine Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine School of Medicine Showa University Tokyo, Japan

Sarah Austin, MS
Scientific Operations Manager Laboratory of Allergic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD USA

Leonard Bielory, MD
Director STARx Allergy and Asthma Research Center Springfield, NJ Rutgers University Center for Environmental Prediction New Brunswick, NJ Professor Medicine, Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences New Jersey Medical School Newark, NJ USA

Stephan C. Bischoff, MD
Professor of Medicine Department of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany

Attilio L. Boner, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Department University of Verona Verona, Italy

Larry Borish, MD
Professor of Medicine Asthma and Allergic Disease Center University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA USA

Piera Boschetto, MD PhD
Associate Professor of Occupational Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy

David H. Broide, MB ChB
Professor of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA USA

William W. Busse, MD
Professor of Medicine Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI USA

Virginia L. Calder, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Immunology Department of Genetics UCL Institute of Ophthalmology London, UK

Thomas B. Casale, MD
Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Allergy/Immunology Creighton University Omaha, NE USA

Martin K. Church, MPharm PhD DSc FAAAAI
Professor of Immunopharmacology Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergy Centre Charitè Charitè Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Emeritus Professor of Immunopharmacology University of Southampton Southampton, UK

Jonathan Corren, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medic