Anesthesia: A Comprehensive Review E-Book , livre ebook

Anesthesia
A Comprehensive Review
Fourth Edition

Brian A. Hall, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Robert C. Chantigian, M.D.
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
MOSBY
Copyright
3251 Riverport Lane
Maryland Heights, Missouri 63043
ANESTHESIA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2010, 2003, 1997, 1992 by Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced of transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrival system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights
Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com . You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( http://www.elsevier.com ), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.

Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Previous editions copyrighted 1997, 1992
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hall, Brian A.
Anesthesia: a comprehensive review/Brian A. Hall, Robert C. Chantigian.—4th ed.
p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-06857-4
1. Anesthesiology—Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Anesthesiology—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Chantigian, Robert C. II. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Anesthesia—Examination Questions. WO 218.2 H174a 2009] RD82.3.H35 2009
617.9’6076—dc22 2009039292
Editor: Natasha Andjelkovic
Editorial Assistant : Bradley McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Anitha Rajarathnam
Project Manager: Mahalakshmi Nithyanand
Design Direction: Louis Forgione
ISBN: 978-0-323-06857-4
Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Preface
Work started on the first edition of this book more than 20 years ago. Over the ensuing years and with each edition, changes in medicine and anesthesiology have occurred at an astounding rate. Several drugs were discovered and marketed and have since been withdrawn or replaced with better drugs. Some procedures and techniques, once very popular, have been relegated to historic significance only.
Although these advances and improvements in anesthesiology have been reflected in each subsequent edition, the fourth edition has unquestionably seen the greatest number of changes in both content and testing format.
Questions have been carefully reviewed. Those of dubious merit have been replaced. The format of the entire book has been changed to include type A (single answer) questions exclusively. All K-type (multiple true/false) questions have been eliminated because these are no longer used in the certification process.
This book, like its predecessors, is intended as a guide to aid learners in identifying areas of weakness. It was written to solidify the readers’ knowledge and point out topics and concepts requiring further study. The questions range from very basic to complex and are useful for individuals just entering the field as well as for experienced practitioners preparing for recertification.

Brian A. Hall, M.D.

Robert C. Chantigian, M.D.
Contributors

Dorothee H. Bremerich, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital, Limburg, Germany

Dawit T. Haile, M.D., Instructor of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Keith A. Jones, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama

C. Thomas Wass, M.D., Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Francis X. Whalen, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Toby N. Weingarten, M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota
Credits
The following figures and tables are reprinted from other sources:
Figure on page 6
From van Genderingen HR, Gravenstein N, et al: Computer-assisted capnogram analysis. J Clin Monit 3:198, 1987, with kind permission of Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Figure on page 12
Modified from Willis BA, Pender JW, Mapleson WW: Rebreathing in a T-piece: Volunteer and theoretical studies of Jackson-Rees modification of Ayre's T-piece during spontaneous respiration. Br J Anaesth 47:1239-1246, 1975. © The Board of Management and Trustees of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press/British Journal of Anaesthesia.
Tables on pages 15, 67, 150 and 171
From Stoelting RK, Miller RD: Basics of Anesthesia, ed 4. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
Figure on page 15
Based on Check-out: A Guide for Preoperative Inspection of an Anesthesia Machine/1987 of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. A copy of the full text can be obtained from ASA, 520 N. Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068-2573.
Figure on page 18
From Andrews JJ: Understanding your anesthesia machine and ventilator. In International Anesthesia Research Society (ed): 1989 Review Course Lectures. Cleveland, Ohio, 1989, p 59.
Figure on page 23
Courtesy of Draeger Medical, Inc., Telford, Pa
Figure on page 24
From Azar I, Eisenkraft JB: Waste anesthetic gas spillage and scavenging systems. In Ehrenwerth J, Eisenkraft JB (eds): Anesthesia Equipment: Principles and Applications. St. Louis, Mosby, 1993, p 128.
Figures on pages 41 and 108; Tables on pages 41, 65, 67, 68, 69 and 74
From Stoelting RK: Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice, ed 3. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
Figure on page 44
From Stoelting RK, Dierdorf SF: Anesthesia and Co-existing Disease, ed 4. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
Table on page 78
Modified from Miller RD (ed): Anesthesia, ed 5. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2000, p 1794.
Figure on page 160
From Avery ME: Lung and Its Disorders in the Newborn, ed 3. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1974, p 134.
Figure on page 173
From Moore KL (ed): Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1980, p 653.
Figure on page 179
From Coté CJ, Todres ID: The pediatric airway. In Coté CJ, Ryan JF, Todres ID, et al (eds): A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1992, p 55.
Figure on page 199
From Benedetti TJ: Obstetric hemorrhage. In Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL (eds): Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies, ed 3. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1996, p 511.
Figure on page 209
From Miller RD (ed): Anesthesia, ed 3. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p 1745.
Tables on page 217
From Darby JM, Stein K, Grenvik A, et al: Approach to management of the heart beating “brain dead” organ donor. JAMA 261: 2222, 1989. Copyrighted 1989, American Medical Association.
Figure on page 218
From Cucchiara RJ, Black S, Steinkeler JA: Anesthesia for intracranial procedures. In Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK (eds): Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1989, p 849.
Figure on page 243
By permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Figure on page 244
From Raj PP: Practical Management of Pain, ed 2. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, 1992, p 785.
Figure on page 250
From Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds): Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain, ed 2. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1988, pp 255-263.
Figure on page 261
From Mark JB: Atlas of Cardiovascular Monitoring. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
Figure on page 262
From Jackson JM, Thomas SJ, Lowenstein E: Anesthetic Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. Semin Anesth 1:244, 1982.
Figure on page 264, question 961
From Morgan GE, Mikhail MS: Clinical Anesthesiology. East Norwalk, Appleton & Lange, 1992, p 301.
Figure on page 264, question 962
From Spiess BD, Ivankovich AD: Thromboelastography: A coagulation-monitoring technique applied to cardiopulmonary bypass. In Effective Hemostasis in Ca