Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis E-Book , livre ebook

Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Third Edition

Craig S. Kitchens, MD
Professor Emeritus, Medicine, University of Florida, Consultant, Malcom Randall Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
Consultant, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers, Florida

Craig M. Kessler, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Director, Coagulation Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC

Barbara A. Konkle, MD
Director, Clinical and Translational Research, Puget Sound Blood Center, Professor of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Table of Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Part 1: General Information
Chapter 1: The Consultative Process
Extent of the Consultation
Reason for Consultation
Consultant’s Point of View
Duties of the Referring Physician and the Consultant
Timing
How to Do the Consultation
Role of the Clinical Laboratory
Recommendations
Concerns
Outcomes
When Should a Consultant Request Consultation?
Chapter 2: A Systematic Approach to the Bleeding Patient: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms and Signs with Laboratory Testing
Introduction
Clinical Evaluation
Integrating Patient History and Physical Examination Findings with Laboratory Results
Laboratory Monitoring of the Novel Oral Specific Anti–Factor IIa and Anti–Factor Xa Anticoagulants
Tests for Lupus Anticoagulants
Formulating Treatment Strategies for Managing Acute Hemorrhagic Episodes: How to Use Coagulation Laboratory Data
Chapter 3: Endothelium
Introduction
Historical Overview
Evolution and Development
Endothelial Biology
Endothelium in Disease
Endothelium and Hemostasis
Diagnosis
Therapy
Conclusions
Part 2: Hemorrhagic Processes
Chapter 4: Hemophilia A and B
Epidemiology and Genetics
Clinical Features of the Hemophilias
Therapeutic Modalities for the Hemophilias
Ancillary Treatments
The Aging Patient
Treatment Complications
Gene Therapy
Chapter 5: Less Common Congenital Disorders of Hemostasis
Disorders of Fibrinogen
α2-Plasmin Inhibitor Deficiency
α1-Antitrypsin Pittsburgh (Antithrombin III Pittsburgh)
Protein Z Deficiency
Consultation Considerations
Medical-Legal Issues
Cost Containment Issues
Chapter 6: Acquired Coagulation Disorders Caused by Inhibitors
Introduction and Historical Perspective
Laboratory Approach
Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitors (Acquired Hemophilia A)
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome
Other Clotting Factor Inhibitors
Chapter 7: von Willebrand Disease
Introduction
Historical Overview
Physiology, Genetics, and Structure-Function Relationships
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Classification
Acquired von Willebrand Disease
Treatment
Chapter 8: General Aspects of Thrombocytopenia, Platelet Transfusions, and Thrombopoietic Growth Factors
Introduction
Relation of Bleeding Risks to Platelet Count
Biology of Platelet Production
Causes of Thrombocytopenia
Evaluation of Patients with Thrombocytopenia
Treatment of Patients with Thrombocytopenia
Chapter 9: Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Evaluation of a Patient with Isolated Thrombocytopenia
Heterogeneity of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Differential Diagnosis of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Clinical Course
Management
Chapter 10: Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function and Number
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Clinical Manifestations of Platelet-Related Bleeding and Tests of Platelet Function
Differential Diagnosis of Platelet-Related Bleeding
Acquired Platelet Disorders
Congenital Platelet Disorders
Treatment of Platelet-Related Bleeding (General Guidelines)
Conclusions
Chapter 11: Purpura and Other Hematovascular Disorders
Macrovascular Disruption
True Disorders of Connective Tissue
Large Vessel Infiltration
Inflammatory Processes
Arteriovenous Malformations and Hemangiomas
Microvascular Hemorrhage
Historical Perspective
Microvascular Structure-Function Interrelations
Pathophysiologic Categories of Purpura
Consultation Considerations
Laboratory Evaluation
Cost Containment
Treatment Issues
Medical-Legal Considerations
Chapter 12: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Historical Overview
Physiology and Pathophysiology
Causes of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Initiation of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Five Illustrative Causes of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Differential Diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Consequences of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Treatment of Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Consultation Considerations
Cost-Containment Issues
Medical-Legal Considerations
Chapter 13: The Crosstalk of Inflammation and Coagulation in Infectious Disease and Their Roles in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
General Aspects of Primary Hemostasis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis
Endothelial Activation and Its Effects on Coagulation During Inflammation
Coagulation and Inflammatory Disorders Associated with Various Pathogens
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Viral Infections
Fungal and Parasitic Infections
Treatment of Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Infection
Part 3: Thrombotic Processes
Chapter 14: Thrombophilia: Clinical and Laboratory Assessment and Management
Introduction
Indications for Thrombophilia Testing: Why Should I Test for Thrombophilia?
Diagnostic Thrombophilia Testing: Who Should Be Tested?
Diagnostic Thrombophilia Testing: For What Should I Test?
Timing of Diagnostic Thrombophilia Testing: When Should I Test?
Diagnostic Thrombophilia Testing: How Do I Manage Patients with Thrombophilia?
Specific Thrombophilias: Primary or Familial
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Chapter 15: Pediatric Aspects of Thrombophilia
Introduction
Epidemiology
Developmental Hemostasis
Risk Factors
Inherited Thrombophilia
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Thromboprophylaxis
Complications
Summary
Chapter 16: Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism
Diagnosis
Risk Stratification
Parenteral Anticoagulation
Thrombolysis
Catheter-Assisted and Surgical Embolectomy
Long-Term Anticoagulation
Inferior Vena Caval Filters
Integrated Approach to Initial Management
Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Chapter 17: Venous Thromboses at Unusual Sites
Historical Aspects
Importance to the Patient and the Clinician
Intraabdominal Thrombosis
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Retinal Vein or Artery Thrombosis
Upper Extremity Thrombosis
Lemierre Syndrome
Cutaneous Microvascular Thrombosis (Purpura Fulminans)
Ovarian Vein Thrombosis
Thrombosis at Other Sites
Consultation Considerations
Laboratory Evaluation
Cost Containment Issues
Chapter 18: Postthrombotic Syndrome
Synopsis
Definition and Diagnosis of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Impact of Postthrombotic Syndrome on Quality of Life
Economic Burden of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Frequency of Postthrombotic Syndrome after Deep Vein Thrombosis
Current Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Risk Factors for Postthrombotic Syndrome
Therapeutic Management of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Treatment of Established Postthrombotic Syndrome
Future Research
Chapter 19: Thrombocytosis: Essential Thrombocythemia and Reactive Causes
Introduction
Spurious Thrombocytosis (Pseudothrombocytosis)
Reactive Thrombocytosis
Familial or Hereditary Thrombocytosis
Essential Thrombocythemia
Chapter 20: Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Patient Management
Introduction and Historical Comments
Immunology and Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations
Triggers for Referral and Diagnostic Evaluation
Laboratory Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Treatment of Patients Who Have Antiphospholipid Syndrome or Laboratory Manifestations of the Syndrome
Chapter 21: Hemostatic Aspects of Cardiovascular Medicine
Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease
Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Assist Devices
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Conclusion
Chapter 22: Nonarteriosclerotic Arterial Occlusive Disease
Pathophysiology of Arterial Thrombosis
Atherosclerosis, Atrial Fibrillation, and Other Cardioembolic Sources
Nonarteriosclerotic Arterial Occlusive Disease
Thrombophilia in Arterial Disease
Anatomic Abnormalities
Vascular Wa