Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery E-Book , livre ebook

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
A Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice
Fifth Edition

O. James Garden, BSc MBChB MD FRCS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) FRCP(Ed) FRACS(Hon) FRCSC(Hon) FRSE
Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, Clinical Surgery School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Rowan W. Parks, MBBCh BAO MD FRCSI FRCS(Ed)
Professor of Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Contributors
Series Editors' preface
Editors' preface
Evidence-based practice in surgery
Chapter 1: Liver function and failure
Overview of liver functions and evolution
Symptoms of liver failure: acute and chronic
Blood tests of liver function
Tests of liver function measuring substance clearance
Therapy for liver failure
Haemopoetic stem cell therapy for liver disease in humans
Future developments
Chapter 2: Hepatic, biliary and pancreatic anatomy
Liver
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
Pancreas
Chapter 3: Staging and assessment of hepatobiliary malignancies
Introduction
Colorectal liver metastases
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma
Proximal bile duct tumours
Chapter 4: Benign liver lesions
Introduction
Classification
Haemangiomas
Liver cell adenoma
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (macroregenerative nodules)
Bile duct adenoma (bile duct hamartoma)
Hepatic pseudotumours
Miscellaneous benign tumours
Liver abscess
Amoebic abscess
Hydatid cyst
Simple cysts of the liver
Polycystic liver disease (PCLD)
Cystadenoma
Chapter 5: Primary malignant tumours of the liver
Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA)
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE)
Angiosarcoma
Primary hepatic lymphoma
Chapter 6: Colorectal liver metastases
Introduction
Preoperative staging: the key to selection of candidates for curative treatment
Surgery: the old and the new standards for resection
Surgical strategies to improve resectability
Techniques of surgical resection
Morbidity, mortality and survival after liver resection for CRLMs
Classification of CRLMs
Chemotherapy for CRLMs
Selective internal radiation treatment (SIRT)
Ablative therapies for CRLMs
Multidisciplinary team approach
Conclusions
Chapter 7: Non-colorectal hepatic metastases
Introduction
Neuroendocrine tumours
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Breast cancer
Ovarian cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Non-colorectal gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
Testicular cancer
Urothelial cancer
Lung cancer
Adrenocortical tumours
Endometrial cancer
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Portal hypertension
Introduction
Aetiology and pathophysiology of portal hypertension
The natural history of portal hypertension
Presentation
Imaging
Management of varices
Therapeutic aims for pharmacological therapy in portal hypertension
Second-line therapies
Management of ascites
Budd–Chiari syndrome
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension
Chapter 9: The spleen
Introduction
Postsplenectomy sepsis
Trauma
Elective indications for splenectomy
Preparation for splenectomy
Technique
Summary
Chapter 10: Gallstones
Introduction
Presentation
Investigation
Management of gallbladder stones
Management of common bile duct stones
Acalculous biliary pain
Chapter 11: Benign biliary tract diseases
Introduction
Congenital anomalies
Iatrogenic biliary injury
Benign biliary strictures
Functional biliary disorders
Chapter 12: Malignant lesions of the biliary tract
Introduction
Cholangiocarcinoma
Gallbladder cancer
Chapter 13: Acute pancreatitis
General description
Pathophysiology
Natural history
Diagnosis
Aetiology
Assessment of severity
Single biochemical measures
Imaging
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Management
Definitive management issues
Chapter 14: Chronic pancreatitis
Summary
Definition
Incidence
Aetiology
Clinical course
Pathophysiological findings and pain mechanisms in chronic pancreatitis
Pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis
Preoperative assessment and investigations
Treatment
Complications of chronic pancreatitis
Chapter 15: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors (see Box 15.1)
Precursor lesions
Presentation
Investigation
Advanced staging techniques
Pathology
Treatment
Future areas of interest
Chapter 16: Cystic and neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas
Introduction
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Other tumours
Chapter 17: Hepatobiliary and pancreatic trauma
Introduction
Liver trauma
Extrahepatic biliary tract trauma
Pancreatic trauma
Conclusion
Index
Copyright

Fifth edition © 2014 Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 1997
Second edition 2001
Third edition 2005
Fourth edition 2009
Fifth edition 2014
ISBN 978-0-7020-4961-3
e-ISBN 978-0-7020-4969-9
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.



Printed in China
Commissioning Editor: Laurence Hunter
Development Editor: Lynn Watt
Project Manager: Vinod Kumar Iyyappan
Designer/Design Direction: Miles Hitchen
Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose
Illustrator: Antbits Ltd
Contributors

René Adam, MD, PhD , Professor of Surgery, Universite Paris-Sud ; Centre Hepato-Biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France

Kai Bachmann, MD , Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

John A.C. Buckels, CBE, MD, FRCS , Professor of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

Olivier R.C. Busch, MD, PhD , Gastrointestinal Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

C. Ross Carter, MBChB, FRCS, MD, FRCS(Gen) , Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Surgeon, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Steve M.M. de Castro, MD, PhD , Chief Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Kevin C