The Capability of Places , livre ebook

The Capability of Places
Anthropology, Culture and Society
Series Editors:
Professor Vered Amit, Concordia University
and
Dr Jon P. Mitchell, University of Sussex
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THE CAPABILITY OF PLACES
Methods for Modelling Community Response to Intrusion and Change
Sandra Wallman
with Virginia Bond, Maria Alessia Montuori and Mai Vidali, assisted throughout by Rossella Lo Conte
First published 2011 by Pluto Press
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Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
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Copyright © Sandra Wallman 2011
The right of Sandra Wallman to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN  978 0 7453 3146 1  Hardback
ISBN  978 0 7453 3145 4  Paperback
ISBN  978 1 8496 4617 8  PDF eBook
ISBN  978 1 7837 1383 7  Kindle eBook
ISBN  978 1 7837 1382 0  EPUB eBook
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This book is dedicated to the memory of:
Yvonne Dhooge (1949–1996), who enabled the ball to start rolling in the first London study, and whose early insights into the capability of places have enhanced the story ever since
and to
Mohammad Muzzafar Ali (‘ Sher Khan ’) (1947–2009), refugee and leader of immigrants, who was found dead on the pavement in Piazza Vittorio Emanuele after 20 years in Italy waiting for asylum status.
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements
1 Themes and a Model
2 London – Ethnicity or Localism?
3 Rome – Migrants and Migration
4 Zambia – Terrains and Tuberculosis
5 Three Sets of Methods, One Methodology
6 Towards Typology
Appendices
A    London
B    Rome
C    Zambia
D    Methods
Notes
References
Index
List of Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1.1 Continuum between ideal types
1.2 Boundary effect
1.3 Local network effect
2.1 Map of Greater London Boroughs
2.2 LARA Housing Action Area
2.3 Medway Road Housing Action Area
2.4a Battersea street scene (1982), showing mixed housing options
2.4b Battersea back gardens, showing connectedness
2.4c Bow street (Medway Road), showing identical terraces and high rise blocks
2.4d Bow Housing Estate (Anthill Road)
2.5 Levels of the local
3.1 Map of Esquilino and Pigneto
3.2a Pigneto street scene, showing unplanned urban landscape
3.2b Pigneto central square, showing convivial local life
3.2c Esquilino: classical arched thoroughfare
3.2d Esquilino: typical monumental architecture
4.1 Map of 16 ZAMSTAR sites in Zambia
4.2 Allocation of ZAMSTAR interventions across four arms
4.3a George: typical housing (2005)
4.3b George: local drug store
4.3c Senama: typical housing (2005)
4.3d Senama market place
5.1 Research methods in context
5.2 London: indicators contrasting Battersea and Bow
5.3 Rome: indicators contrasting Pigneto and Esquilino
5.4 Zambia: indicators contrasting George and Senama
A1 Map to record Geographic Distance of people named in a Personal Network
A2 Map to record Affective Distance of people named in a Personal Network
C1 Annual risk of TB infection in 16 communities in Zambia
C2 Completion rates for ten sites
C3a George: individuals submitting sputum, by route
C3b Senama: individuals submitting sputum, by route
TABLES
2.1 Tenancy type in LARA in 1974 and 1978 (%)
2.2 Birthplace of LARA resident population in 1978 (totals and %)
2.3 Tenancy type in Medway Road in 1982 (totals and %)
2.4 Birthplace of Medway Road resident population in 1982 (totals and %)
2.5 Baseline difference of indicators in the London setting
3.1 Indicators in the Rome setting
3.2 Summary contrast between Pigneto and Esquilino
4.1 Indicators in the Zambia setting
4.2 First attempt at applying open:closed to Zambian sites
4.3 Qualitative assessment of all 16 sites
4.4 Sixteen sites along the open:closed continuum
4.5 Zambian sites classified open to closed ‘in feeling’
4.6 Constrained randomisation factors by community in Zambia
5.1 Layered continua/ meta -indicator frame
6.1 Field guide to the meta -indicators
6.2 Summary contrast between open and closed
A1 Age (%)
A2 Country of origin (%)
A3 Ethnic origin (%)
A4 Education/qualification (%)
A5 Social grade (%)
A6 Socio-economic classification (%)
A7 Occupation group (%)
A8 Industry of employment (%)
A9 Dwelling types (%)
A10 People living in dwelling types (%)
A11 Number of people per household (%)
A12 Household composition (%)
A13 Tenure (%)
A14 Travel to work (%)
B1 Italian population family size, 1991 (%)
B2 Population age structure, 1991 and 2005 (total values and %)
B3 Foreign population age structure, 2005 (% of total foreign population)
B4 Presence of foreigners (total values and %)
C1 Stigmatising perceptions of transmission among household members in George (N = 188)
C2a TB patients in George (N = 224), stigmatisation and disclosure
C2b PLWH in George (N = 60), stigmatisation and disclosure
C3 Stigmatising perceptions of transmission among household members in Senama (N = 142)
C4a TB patients in Senama (N = 157), stigmatisation and disclosure
C4b PLWH in Senama (N = 73), stigmatisation and disclosure
Acknowledgements
I cannot name the many people who have enabled or added value to this project over the years, most recently the publisher’s anonymous reviewers, but their input is warmly acknowledged. Other individuals and institutions can be specified. Each of the three studies was formally sponsored by a different agency and involved its own set of researchers, fieldworkers and informants. They are named, with appreciation, in footnotes to their respective chapters. The book has come together during the period of my participation in the EU/FP6 Network of Excellence ‘SUS.DIV’ ( Sustainable Development in a Diverse World ), originally convened by Dr Dino Pinelli and hosted throughout by Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) in Milan. I am grateful to Valeria Papponetti at FEEM, and to Professor Maddy Janssens, the current convenor of the network, who allocated funds so that the team involved in the book could come together to brainstorm it face to face. This collective effort shows throughout the volume: my sincere thanks to Ginnie Bond, Alessia Montuori, Mai Vidali and Rossella Lo Conte for their good-natured commitment to seeing it through. Dr Raffaele Bracalenti and Dr Vanya Stenius at the Istituto Psicoanalitico per le Ricerci Sociali (IPRS) in Rome were generous contributors to the discussion and to the suc